Extreme Rainfall Estimation by Combining Data from Several Sites*

نویسندگان

  • T. A. BUISHAND
  • T. A. Buishand
چکیده

Nowadays it is well recognized that inference about the form of the upper tail of the distribution of precipitation amounts has to be based on a joint evaluation of several records in a region. Three methods of regional estimation are reviewed: (a) the station-year method; (b) regional averaging of statistics of the data; and (c) maximization of a joint likelihood function. Methods (b) and (c) are illustrated with the regional estimation of parameters of the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution for 1 day annual maximum precipitation amounts in The Netherlands. The adequacy of regional models can be tested in several ways. Special attention is paid to the number of exceedances of regional estimates of certain large quantiles (return periods 250, 500 and 1000 years) in a catalogue of all daily precipitation amounts £80 mm at official KNMI stations during the period 1866-1989. The consistency of frequency curves for different durations is also considered. Other methods to evaluate the suitability of regional models are briefly mentioned. Estimation de précipitations extrêmes par une combinaison de données issues de plusieurs sites Résumé De nos jours, il est bien établi que toute inference sur la forme de la partie supérieure de la distribution de hauteurs pluviométriques doit être basée sur une évaluation de plusieurs séries provenant d'une région. Trois méthodes d'estimation régionale sont examinées: (a) la méthode des stations-années; (b) la moyenne régionale de valeurs statistiques sur les données; et (c) la maximisation de la fonction de vraisemblance conjointe. Les méthodes (b) et (c) sont illustrées par l'estimation régionale des paramètres de la distribution généralisée des valeurs extrêmes (GEV) pour les maxima annuels des hauteurs pluviométriques journalières aux Pays-Bas. L'adéquation de modèles régionaux peut être testée de différentes façons. Une attention particulière a été accordée à l'occurrence des dépassements de certains quantiles élevés (périodes de retour de 250, 500 et 1000 ans) dans un catalogue de toutes les hauteurs pluviométriques journalières *Paper presented in the Open Hydrology Session, XV General Assembly, European Geophysical Society, Copenhagen, 23-27 April 1990. Open for discussion until 1 February 1992 345

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تاریخ انتشار 1991